The planet is covered by the earth's crust, which has a very uneven surface: the difference between the highest and lowest places in the world reaches about twenty thousand meters. The highest point of the Earth is in the Himalayas - this is the summit of Everest. And below all is the Mariana Trench.
Everest
The real name of the highest mountain on Earth, located in the Himalayan mountain system, sounds like Chomolungma. This peak rises to 8848 meters: no other mountain in the world exceeds this mark.
Even the second peak of the two-headed Everest breaks all records - 8760 meters above sea level.
The title of the highest point in the world was awarded to the mountain only in the middle of the 19th century, when the worker of the Indian geodetic service Radhanat Sikdar measured its height. Since by that time no such high peak was known, Chomolungma received this title. Subsequently, the size of the mountain was refined: with each subsequent, more accurate and accurate measurement, Everest turned out to be even larger.
The latest results of the Italian geologist and the American expedition (8850 and 8872) were not officially recognized.
Due to its honorary title, the mountain attracts many extreme lovers who challenge the harsh nature. Every year, several hundred people try to climb Mount Everest, but not everyone succeeds: harsh conditions are a difficult test even for the most trained climbers, many of whom ended their lives on the slopes of the highest mountain in the world.
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench, also known as the Mariana Trench, is the lowest point on the surface of the earth's crust. This trough is located in the Pacific Ocean, in its western part, near the Mariana Islands. It is an extended depression, which at its lowest point, known as the Challenger Abyss, is about 11,000 meters below sea level.
The Mariana Trench was opened in 1875 and its depth was measured at the same time. At that time, the instruments were not very accurate and showed a result of 8,367 meters (perhaps the measurements were not taken at the deepest point). In the middle of the 20th century, an English expedition set the maximum depth at 10,863 meters, and a little later, these dimensions were clarified by the Soviet expedition, which provided a result of 11,023 meters.
The Mariana Trench is an amazing formation. At its bottom there are real mountain ranges that were formed hundreds of millions of years ago. In 1960, the first dive to the bottom of the trough was made on the Trieste submersible. This was followed by only two dives, one of the daredevils was the famous director James Cameron.
The lowest point on land is near the Dead Sea on the Israel-Jordan border. This region is located 399 meters below sea level.
