Schematic diagrams of electrical devices are drawn using standardized conventions. Such schemes can be performed both manually and on a computer, depending on the skills available to the wizard.
Instructions
Step 1
Use the document referenced at the end of the article as a guide to graphical symbols (UGO) used in schematic diagrams. It brings together the most common designations that would otherwise have to be searched for separately for several dozen GOSTs.
Step 2
When manually drawing a diagram, use graph paper. Draw with a soft mechanical pencil that leaves a clear mark. It should be much darker than the ruled. After scanning such a scheme, it will be possible, by operating the brightness and contrast controls in the graphic editor, to make the ruled invisible, leaving only the drawing itself. If desired, use a stencil that allows you to quickly draw common symbols without using a compass.
Step 3
If you want to simulate its work immediately after drawing up the circuit, use the Micro Cap program. Its lite version is free, and the restrictions imposed on it are so insignificant that they can be neglected when working with small circuits. The program allows you to determine the modes of operation of active elements for alternating and direct currents, check the operation algorithm of a circuit composed of logical elements, etc. After the simulation is completed and the circuit is corrected, you can take a screenshot and cut the circuit itself from it with a graphical editor. It will not meet domestic standards.
Step 4
In the event that a circuit is required to be drawn up using a computer, but the simulation of its operation is not supposed, the program to work with it should be chosen depending on whether it is planned to design a printed circuit board. If so, use specialized software such as KiCAD. If not, almost any raster or vector graphics editor will do. It is better to use the one you already have the skills to work with.
Step 5
When applying the designation of resistors according to the domestic standard (in the form of rectangles), indicate the power on them. Two diagonal bars represent 0.15 W, one - 0.25 W, a horizontal bar - 0.5 W, and the whole number of watts is denoted by Roman numerals. Place a plus sign next to the electrolytic capacitor markings at the positive plate. Do not forget to number the parts themselves, as well as the pins of connectors, microcircuits, indicators, lamps and any other components that have more than three pins inclusive.
