The wreck of the largest and most luxurious liner of its time, which was given the name "Titanic", occurred on the night of April 14-15, 1912. The steamer left the port of Southampton and was heading for New York. At the end of the fourth day of the journey, he collided with an iceberg and sank within two hours.
Instructions
Step 1
The eight-deck Titanic was launched on May 31, 1911. With a length of 269 meters, a width of 30 meters and a displacement of 52 310 tons, this ship was the largest in the world. For added safety, the vessel had a double bottom and 16 compartments with sealed doors. According to the designers, the Titanic was unsinkable. Even if the water flooded 4 bow compartments or 2 compartments in the middle or rear, the ship would remain afloat. The number of lifeboats has been reduced to provide Class I passengers with more walking space. 20 boats could only accommodate 1,178 people, although 2,224 people went on the first voyage across the Atlantic on the Titanic.
Step 2
On April 14, the Titanic's radio operators received several warnings from neighboring ships about drifting ice. Everyone, including the captain of the ship, knew that a record number of icebergs and ice fields were recorded that year in the sector of the southern transatlantic route.
Step 3
At about 11:15 pm, most of the passengers that day had already gone to their cabins and were getting ready to sleep. The weather was calm, the air temperature dropped to -1 degrees Celsius. The Titanic was traveling at a speed of 41.7 kilometers per hour. At 23:30, lookouts noticed a slight haze on the horizon, but without binoculars they could not determine its origin. The binoculars were in the safe, the key of which was left with one of the captain's mates, who was suspended from the flight on the last day. At 23:39, one of the lookouts saw an iceberg and determined the approximate distance to it - 650 meters. He immediately alerted Officer James Moody by telephone, who reported this to Officer Duty Officer William Murdoch. Murdoch commanded "Left aboard," then Full back, and then Starboard. The Titanic was not maneuverable enough to get around the ice. At 23:40, the ship touched the iceberg with its starboard side, which led to the appearance of holes below the waterline. All of the ship's engines were stopped and the ship drifted.
Step 4
Every second the Titanic's hold was getting five tons more water. After the collision, Murdoch gave the order to close the pressurized door. At 11:42 pm, Captain Edward Smith took command of the ship. To prevent the boilers from exploding, the stokers in a hurry extinguished the fire and released steam through special valves in boiler rooms No. 6 and No. 5. By 11:50 p.m. the Titanic had already “tumbled down” to the starboard side by 6 degrees. Captain Smith and the ship's chief designer Thomas Andrews inspected the lower decks. The post office and the ballroom were completely flooded. The captain gave the order to pump out water from the boiler rooms, but it arrived too quickly. Andrews concluded that the Titanic would stay afloat for a maximum of 1.5 hours.
Step 5
Passengers felt a jolt during a collision with an iceberg, trying to find out what happened. The ship's crew invariably replied that everything was in order. The first fears arose when the Titanic came to a stop. Many passengers left the cabins and gathered in the dining rooms and saloons.
Step 6
At 0:05, preparations began for the evacuation: the covers were removed from the lifeboats. Captain Smith ordered the radio operators to send out distress signals. At 0:15, passengers were advised to dress warmly, take life jackets and go out onto the boat deck. They were told that only children and women would be put on boats (and even then only as a precautionary measure). Passengers of the second class panicked, realizing that there were not enough places in the boats for everyone. Those who traveled in third class could not get out on deck at all: they either got lost in endless corridors, or found themselves in front of the doors closed by the stewards.
Step 7
Most passengers considered the evacuation a premature measure, because the Titanic was completely safe and advertised as unsinkable. At 0:20 the first passengers began to be seated in the boats. At 0:25, an orchestra began to play on the boat deck. Many first-class passengers did not want to leave the ship. They were not going to freeze on deck, but wanted to play bridge in a warm saloon. They had no doubt that the Titanic would provide their safety. At 0:40, several white signal flares were fired from the upper deck.
Step 8
Boat # 7 had 28 passengers (although the boat is designed for 65 people). She was lowered on ropes 21 meters along the side and lowered into the water. The situation was the same with the next ten boats. Only by 1:20 am the passengers began to realize that the Titanic should sink in the next hour, when the water filled the forecastle. A slight panic began. People ran from one side to another, looking for free space in one or another boat. Among all those rescued were 65 percent of class I passengers.
Step 9
The Titanic's radio operators continued to transmit distress signals. At 0:30 the ship "Carpathia" responded, but even at maximum speed it could approach the sinking ship not earlier than in 4 hours. Relatively not far from the Titanic was the Californian, but the officers on its bridge, seeing white signal flares, considered that there was no telegraph on the neighboring ship and his crew was reporting the accumulation of ice.
Step 10
At 2:05 am, the last lifeboat was launched. On board, where there were about 800 passengers and 600 crew members, a massive panic began. The water began to flood the captain's bridge and the officers' cabins. People gathered at the stern, which by that time began to rise upward, and began to sing religious hymns. At 2:15 am, the propellers appeared from under the water. At 2:16 a.m. the electricity went out completely. At 2:18 a.m. the hull of the liner split into two parts: the bow sank immediately, and the stern stood upright. At 2:20 am, she was completely underwater.
Step 11
The surviving passengers were in the icy water. Some died from hypothermia, others from a heart attack. Only 35 people managed to survive and climb onto the inverted folding boat B, and 20 more people on boat A, partially flooded.
Step 12
The lights of the Carpathia appeared on the horizon at 3:30. At 4:10 am, the first of the lifeboats was next to the ship, and then the rest. In total, 712 passengers of the Titanic boarded the Carpathia. At 9:00 the ship headed for New York.
