Valuable minerals - oil and gas - themselves are actively used in industry, but their peculiarity is that they have many accompanying useful elements that people have also found use.
Oil belongs to combustible minerals, has a complex chemical composition, containing a large amount of hydrocarbons, as well as a lot of associated gases. Basically it is methane, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, argon. During oil production, when it is raised to the surface from the ground, where the pressure is much lower, gases begin to actively evolve, and as a result of these processes, a lot of heat is released.
Gases
Associated gases are obtained through oil refining at special plants. It is the associated gases that include ethane and propane, which are converted into propylene and ethylene using the dehydrogenation process. Liquefied gas is obtained from a mixture of propane and butane, which is used in everyday life.
Liquids
Also, oil is a raw material for obtaining fuel for engine units. Oil processing takes place by distillation under the influence of high temperatures, due to which hydrocarbons are decomposed into components, from which the final products are already obtained. These are gasoline, kerosene, diesel and fuel oil.
Gasoline is used as fuel for automobile engines, refined kerosene - for aircraft and rocket complexes, diesel is used to refuel diesel engines of equipment. Fuel oil is used as a fuel material in boilers, and when distilled, oils for lubrication are obtained. The remainder of the product is called tar, from which bitumen is obtained, which is widely used in road construction.
Synthetic products
Compositionally, oil and coal are closely related. Their difference is in the content of hydrogen in their composition. The properties of synthetic oil are very close to natural ones. It is produced by enriching crushed coal, under the influence of high temperatures and pressure, with hydrogen. As a liquid solvent, use is made of ready-made synthetic oil or its residues. To accelerate the process of transition from a solid to a liquid state, natural hydrogen is introduced into the chamber.
Coal processing by coking takes place in special furnaces without oxygen, where, as a result of chemical transformations, it forms coke used in metallurgy, and coke oven gas, which, upon condensation, forms ammonia water and coal tar. When coal is dry distilled, tar is obtained; as a binder, it is widely used in construction and in the creation of roofing materials. Chemical fertilizers widely used in agriculture are obtained from ammonia.
In the future, many countries will use synthetic hydrocarbons obtained from coal in the country's fuel balance, since it is economically profitable, and the products obtained in this way pollute the environment much less.
