The grapes usually grow in the form of a bush with shoots that are tied to supports - trellis or stakes. The selected shrub formation system is maintained with annual pruning. If you leave all the vines that have grown over the summer, then the entire mass of nutrients will go to ensure the growth of numerous shoots, and the developing inflorescences will lack them.
Necessary
secateurs
Instructions
Step 1
When pruning annually, leave on the bushes only those buds that have formed over the summer, which could develop into full-weight clusters with good quality berries. Carry out pruning in the fall, just before the shelter. This will avoid the spring cry of the vines and ensure a good harvest.
Step 2
Inspect the bush and assess its condition, carry out a sanitary clearance: remove the shoots that were not cut in the summer, as well as all the leaves below the 1st wire that cover the "sleeves" of the plant (they must be seen). Trim off the unripe tops of the shoots. Gradually discard some of the leaves by pruning or plucking.
Step 3
Start trimming from the bottom. If the bush is four-armed, on each of the four replacement knots (ends of the sleeves) cut each lower outer shoot into a new knot (3-4 eyes). Above this new knot, cut the next shoot into a fruit arrow (from 4 to 18 eyes), taking into account the biological characteristic of the variety. Remove the third upper shoot, it is not needed to strengthen the link. Thus, the usual fruit link is formed.
Step 4
Place all cuts on one side of the sleeve, preferably on the inside. If the location of the wounds is unsystematic, as is often the case with inexperienced winegrowers, then the paths of the vines become winding, as a result, the flow of nutrients slows down and disrupts, the bush weakens and the arms dry out, which leads to premature death of the vine.
Step 5
Try to keep the wounds inflicted on the bush as small as possible, and the cuts always remain smooth. When completely removing the sleeves or vines, cut them off at the base, leaving small pads up to 0.5 cm thick. Do not make cuts flush with the surface of the sleeve, they lead to deep tissue death.
Step 6
In hiding vineyards, prune in two steps: preliminary - in autumn and final - in spring. Cut out the dried-up parts of the bush in front of the shelter during preliminary pruning, as well as the fruit-bearing arrows, the unripe parts of the shoots. Keep about 50% of your vine stock.
Step 7
When pruning in spring, choose the best healthy vines that have wintered well, and are not damaged by opening and covering the bushes. Form fruit links at the same time and set the load of the bush with eyes, which is the sum of the length of the pruning and the number of fruit links.
Step 8
On each branch of the sleeve, form one fruit link, on the strong sleeves - two. Make up each link from the fruit arrow as well as the replacement knot. Cut fruit arrows to different lengths, taking into account the biological characteristics of the variety, leave from two to four normally developed eyes on the replacement knots. Spring pruning must be completed before bud break.
