The art of management, management, originated in ancient times. The first description of management as one of the human activities is found in the works of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates.
Management history
According to numerous sources that have survived to this day, management appeared several millennia ago. Prehistoric people lived scattered and did not particularly need to manage their own activities. Their main goal was to survive in the harshest conditions of nature. The need for governance appeared when the ancient people began to unite with the tribes.
The functions of decision-making, conflict resolution and sentencing of guilty members were taken over by the leader. As social groups of people expanded, it became necessary to divide their labor. However, it also became necessary that labor be controlled from outside. At this time, the first rudiments of managing a group of people appeared, which were divided along professional lines.
Modern management emerged after the industrial revolution that took place in the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. At that time, the first industries appeared in Europe, which needed professional managers and managers. The very science of management took shape at the end of the nineteenth century. During this period, the first works of researchers appeared, which were devoted to this type of activity.
Main schools and stages of management development
An American, Towne G., first began to consider management as a professional activity in a report prepared for a meeting of the Society of Engineers and Mechanics. At this event, he said for the first time that society should train competent managerial specialists.
During the development of economic doctrine of the twentieth century, 5 schools of management were formed: schools of scientific management (founded by Taylor F.), administrative schools (founded by the Frenchman Fayol A.), quantitative schools (founded by Thompson D. and Ackoff G.), behaviorist schools (founded Bernard C.), the school of human relations (founded by Mayo E.).
There are also five main stages in the history of management. The first stage is the beginning of the 20th century, the time when the school of scientific management was born. The emergence of the administrative school marked the second stage of development in the first decade of the 20th century. At this time, financial management emerged in the United States. The fifth stage is characterized by the establishment of an organizational structure at enterprises. In the eighties, computer technology and automated production began to develop.
