Sewing machines are designed for sewing garments. They are widely used in everyday life, as well as in the garment, footwear, knitwear industries of the light industry. The sewing machine consists of several main parts and mechanisms, united by design thought under one body. Each of the mechanisms has its own name and purpose.
Operating principle
A double thread stitch is created by weaving two threads together. At the junction of the threads, in the thickness of the fabric, a knot is formed. The upper thread is threaded through the eye of the needle and is called the needle thread. The bobbin thread is pulled out from the bobbin in the bobbin case, which is why it is called the hook thread.
Sewing machines are classified according to the type of thread weave in the stitch. Separate machines that produce chain stitch and lockstitch. The most popular household model is a single-needle design that allows you to sew a straight lockstitch. The main elements of such a machine are the mechanisms responsible for the operation of the needle, the movement of the fabric, the operation of the thread take-up and shuttle. The sewing machine can be operated both mechanically and electrically.
The operation of the needle mechanism causes the needle to reciprocate. Together with the needle, the thread makes this movement. Older sewing machines are equipped with a mechanism that produces an oscillating motion instead of a reciprocating motion. As a result of the action of the mechanism, the material is pierced, the upper thread is passed through the resulting hole, the thread creates a loop.
Then the shuttle mechanism comes into operation. It grabs the loop and wraps it around the thread holder. The thread take-up catches the thread under the needle plate, removes it from the hook, and creates a stitch. The fabric is propelled by the fabric motor mechanism.
A bit of history
The sewing machine was invented in the second half of the 18th century. The designers tried to create a machine that would exactly copy a hand stitch. Things moved forward when Madersperger invented a needle with a hole at the bottom at the tip. Having received such a needle, the researchers began work on the manufacture of a new device. The first patent for a sewing machine with a horizontal needle was obtained by engineer Howe in 1845.
The sewing machine got its modern look in 1850, when the inventors Wilson, Singer and Gibbs, working separately, made the same discovery by placing the fabric on a horizontal platform and making the needle vertical. Modern industry produces sewing machines of various types for both household and industrial use. Depending on the design, the machines “know how” to grind parts, overcast the edges of products, sew on buttons, and make decorative seams.
