Cigarettes - Finely ground smoking tobacco wrapped in paper. Cigarette tobacco is generally less strong than cigar tobacco. Europeans initially smoked tobacco from pipes or cigars. In the early 16th century, beggar tramps in Seville (Spain) began to collect discarded cigar butts and wrap them in paper wrappers. This is how the first cigarettes appeared in Europe.
The greatest distribution of cigarettes occurred after the Crimean War of 1853-1856, where the French and British learned how to make homemade cigarettes from Russian soldiers. In the 19th century, cigarettes spread throughout Europe and gained recognition from the wealthy public.
Handmade
The first cigarette factories appeared in 1857 in England by Robert Peacock Gload. Cigarettes were made by hand, but the foundations of standardization were developed - making according to samples. The dimensions were oriented towards cigar, the length was taken in inches, and the diameter, borrowed from the jewelers, was measured in lines. The invention of the cigarette-making machine in the United States by James Bonsack at the end of 1887 gave rise to standardization. The diameter of the cigarettes was equal to three lines (the line is 1/10 inch or 2.54 millimeters). In length, again, no clear dimensions were provided.
The popular Camel brand became the author of classic cigarettes in 1913. These were cigarettes without a filter, 70 mm long.
Female cigarettes
After the First World War, cigarette smoking gained popularity among women and their production became massive. Cigarettes were made without a filter, but women were uncomfortable with smoking them. The first female cigarettes appeared in 1924 at the Phillip Morris Company. They were longer than regular cigarettes, which favorably distinguished them both in the convenience of smoking and in style.
In 1925, Boris Ayvazh invented a paper filter as a means of helping to reduce the concentration of harmful components in tobacco smoke. The presence of the filter has changed the approach to choosing the length of the cigarette.
Initially, filter cigarettes were marketed as women, but thanks to advertising they have won recognition among men.
Standardization
The task of standardizing cigarettes became relevant for scientists after the beginning of the study of tobacco smoke and its composition, since even factors such as the volume of puff, the frequency of puffs, the moisture content of the tobacco, the presence of a filter, etc., can affect the result. In 1996, work began on the introduction of standards.
Coresta performed a series of comparative tests, which resulted in the ISO method adopted in 1991. Basic standards: King Size - length 84 mm, diameter 7-8 mm, Gueen Size - length 100, 110, 120 mm, diameter 7-8 mm, Magnum - length 89 mm, diameter 9 mm. Since the late 80s of the 20th century, the CIS countries have been using world standards for the production of cigarettes.
