Devices for lifting and moving loads existed in ancient Egypt. It is likely that it was with their help that the Egyptians raised massive stone blocks to a height when erecting the pyramids. However, modern construction and industrial cranes have a much wider range of capabilities than primitive ancient mechanisms.
Instructions
Step 1
Cranes are technical systems in the form of hoisting machines, the function of which is to move loads in space. Such devices constitute a whole class of mechanisms, differing in size, design features and the maximum weight of the load that the cranes are able to lift and carry from place to place.
Step 2
The load that needs to be moved is usually attached to the outrigger boom of the crane using special hooks and gripping devices. These can be hooks suspended on strong cables, or special secure grips. In this case, securing the load is temporary. After transferring the weights to the place of their use, the engaging devices are disconnected, freeing the load from the grippers.
Step 3
Almost no serious construction project can do without a high-rise tower crane. When erecting multi-storey buildings, the crane is used to lift the elements of building structures to a height. Such cranes are pre-assembled at the construction site, installing them on a special movable platform. The operator servicing the lifting mechanism is located during work in a special cabin located at the level of the crane boom.
Step 4
Cranes are widely used in public utilities. With the help of a mobile crane installed on the chassis of a car, steel pipelines are laid, sawn trees are removed. The truck crane is not only mobile but also reliable. For stable operation, the machine carrying the lifting equipment has side jacks that retract to the sides and rest against the ground.
Step 5
You can also see the cranes in seaports or at freight railway stations. It also needs to lift and move a wide variety of loads on a daily basis. Usually these are massive containers, which are taken out of the holds of ships or removed from railway platforms with the help of a crane, and then placed in temporary warehouse storage. Such cranes do not always have an outrigger. Very often in transport you can see bridge-type cranes, the bearing part of which looks like a "bridge" along which the cart moves.
Step 6
Industrial enterprises also cannot do without cranes. Units and parts of machines and mechanisms are very massive and cumbersome. They often have to be moved in the space of workshops, when the product sequentially goes through all the stages of the technological process. In production conditions, as a rule, gantry and bridge-type cranes (overhead and overhead) are used.
