A thesis is a statement that, according to the theory of philosophy, should be argued. Namely - to provide the interlocutor (opponent) with one or more arguments (statements) that will confirm or refute the thesis.
Instructions
Step 1
Follow the basic rules of reasoning. Decide whether your arguments will support the judgment or refute it. Formulate the thesis (in the form of a judgment, concept, problem, hypothesis) clearly and clearly and do not change it in the process. Or, realizing that the thesis needs to be modified, announce this to the interlocutor and continue to argue for the already modified version.
Step 2
Choose the type of argumentation that is most appropriate to defend or refute your thesis. If you need an analysis of the judgment itself, resort to using direct argumentation. In this case, do not resort to abstract judgments: all arguments must be given strictly to the point, and the thesis must be derived from them in the form of a conclusion.
Step 3
When arguing indirectly, build a chain of evidence that confirms not the correctness of the thesis, but the falsity of the antithesis. The arguments in this case should reveal logical contradictions in the structure of the judgment, which contradicts the thesis. It is allowed to reduce the evidence of the falsity of the antithesis to the absurd. The conclusion will be the conclusion: if the confirmations of the truth of the antithesis contradict each other, then the antithesis inference is false. Thus, the thesis judgment that contradicts it is true.
Step 4
Remember that when arguing a thesis, references to authoritative sources can be considered unfounded if you use them outside the original context or cannot document them. Appeal to the opinion of authorities only as plausible, not direct arguments. In this case, use only links or quotes from those authorities who are objectively considered recognized experts in the field of knowledge to which the argued thesis belongs.
Step 5
Build a system of arguments based on relevance, taking into account the so-called fields. Namely - give those arguments that will be clear to the interlocutor (opponent). Whenever possible, select certainty of evidence, or statements with a separate justification for their truth.