Refrigerating machines are used both in everyday life and in industry, as well as in trade and restaurant business. The design of refrigeration units is based on the principle of artificially lowering the temperature by absorbing heat and the energy released during this.
Principle of operation and device
Chillers maintain low temperatures in a given facility or confined space. The maintained temperature can be equal to values from -153 to +10 degrees Celsius.
Cooling in refrigeration equipment takes place by absorbing the heat generated by the boiling of certain liquids. So, freon, widely used in cooling systems, at normal atmospheric pressure boils at a temperature of -4 to -8 degrees Celsius, and when it is in an open vessel, it boils immediately, while absorbing heat from materials in contact with it and the environment.
The device of refrigeration machines includes the following items of equipment: compressor, condenser, evaporator, as well as heat exchangers, filters, dryers. A refrigeration unit may also include auxiliary equipment: a power supply system, a water supply system, a heat exchange system with an object of cooling, and control devices.
The principle of operation of the refrigeration machine consists in the following stages:
- the liquid refrigerant boils at low temperature in a special evaporator;
- refrigerant vapors are constantly added to the condenser;
- in the condenser, the vapors are cooled and become liquid;
- the formed liquid accumulates and passes through the heat exchanger under pressure again;
- the purified liquid passes through the filter, undergoes a strong decrease in temperature and is sprayed under pressure for the target effect.
Areas of application of refrigeration units
Refrigerating machines of various types and, accordingly, various applications are produced:
- household refrigerators for freezing food;
- commercial refrigeration equipment for shops and catering facilities (including refrigerated display cases);
- installations for cooling drinking water;
- cold storage plants, meat and vegetable stores for trade warehouses;
- refrigerated trucks, wagons and ships for transportation;
- air conditioners for use in residential and business premises;
- car air conditioners;
- refrigeration equipment for use in the chemical industry, medicine, construction, mechanical engineering, etc.
In addition, refrigeration machines can be used in scientific research, entertainment facilities, and innovative facilities.
