The transfer of any territory or even an entire village, as well as all or a certain part of the income from it, was carried out by the ruler of one of the countries of the Near and Middle East. If at the beginning of its occurrence, the ict was passed on for temporary use, then gradually it passed into a lifelong, and then the ict was received with the right of subsequent inheritance in generations.
Instructions
Step 1
The territory could be transferred to some person in full ownership, or only the income from these lands and the right to manage them in order to generate income were transferred to the owner. For the feudal lord, this was a rather convenient form of obtaining a permanent income, and he did not have to permanently reside in the territories assigned to him. A nomadic owner could not change his nomadic type of life, coming to ikta several times a year, collecting taxes with food or money
Step 2
In addition, “ikta” was the name given to the lands given by the caliph to the governor so that he could collect taxes from the population living in this territory with the aim of their subsequent transfer to the state treasury. Most often, ikta was endowed with large military figures close to the ruler, who were supposed to keep quite powerful armed detachments on the lands allocated to them, whose duty was to protect both their own territory and, by order of the caliph, the supreme state power. Ikta is the eastern variant of feudal allotments in the medieval countries of Western Europe.
Step 3
The difference between ikta and state ownership is, first of all, that the owner of the land and its leader, who has the right to collect taxes from peasants, became the Lennik (mukta), and not the state. A similar system of distribution of allotments began to exist at the end of the 7th century, but was fully established in the 8-10th centuries.
Step 4
The amount of land given to Ikta increased significantly in the Seljuk and Hulaguid states that existed in the Middle Ages. Not only individual objects and taxes from them were transferred to ikta, but also small, large settlements, and even entire regions. The owners of the Iqt gradually acquired not only the right to collect taxes at their own discretion from the population living in the territories belonging to them, but also began to possess judicial power.