Thread is a durable material, the length of which is many times greater than the thickness. Natural fibers themselves are too thin and short, but by spinning them they are combined into a long thread. Yarns are produced from synthetic raw materials without spinning.
Instructions
Step 1
Modern chemistry makes it possible to create artificial polymer raw materials with the required properties. Filaments from such raw materials are obtained by forcing molten material through holes under high pressure. Thus, a ready-made fiber of the required thickness, length and strength is obtained; in fact, it is a ready-made synthetic thread that can be used to create fabrics or other purposes.
Step 2
The production of threads from natural fibers is a more complex process, it consists of several technological stages, as a result of which ready threads are obtained from plant or animal polymers - cellulose, keratin, fibroin.
Spinning has been known to mankind since the Stone Age, then threads were drawn from raw materials by hand, and after the invention of the spindle and the first hand spinning wheels, the process of producing threads was greatly facilitated. In modern textile factories, the production of threads is almost completely automated.
Step 3
Raw materials enter factories in the form of compressed bales, which must be well loosened, this is achieved with the help of loosening and scutching machines, in the same machines the raw material is cleaned of litter.
The loosened raw material is divided into fibers on carding machines, and then straightened on draw frames. When dividing the raw material into fibers, small fibers can be separated from it, this is done in the case when they want to get threads of higher quality.
Step 4
The thin layer of fibers coming from the card to the belt is converted into a thick belt, which enters the roving frame, where it is stretched and leveled. The result is a so-called roving, which finally enters the spinning machine, where it is stretched and curled even more. The spinning machine not only draws and twists the thread, but also immediately winds it on packages - spools, spools, bobbins, etc.
