Poetry is the embodiment of grace, lightness, melodiousness and airiness of the language. But not only. It is also a complex combination of the laws according to which it is created, and strict adherence to the sizes according to which each work is written.
Monosyllabic size - brachycolon
The sizes are different. The simplest size is monosyllabic. It is called brachycolon. This is a monocotyledonous size, in which each foot (or otherwise - in a meter) contains a word that consists of only one syllable. There can be several stops in a line.
Two-syllable sizes
Slightly more complex sizes are two-syllable. They are called iambic and trore. The difference between them lies in the fact that the stress in these sizes falls on different syllables: one for even, the other for odd.
If the stress is on even syllables, then the poem is written in iambic.
Presumably, the name of the size comes from the name of the girl who served Demeter. Looking for her daughter, Persephone, the goddess was sad, and only the faithful Yamba managed to cheer her up. There is also an assumption that the name is derived from a musical instrument with a consonant name.
In chorea, the opposite is true - the stress falls on odd syllables. The name of the size comes from the word "horeos", translated as "dance". Several accords were formed from him - "round dance" and "chorus".
It is generally accepted that iambic is a calmer, lighter meter characteristic of songs. But the trochee is more energetic.
There are many subspecies derived from these two simple sizes: choriyamba, lame iambic, yambo-trochee, or antispast. But these are terms specific to a narrow specialization.
Tri-syllable sizes
There are three three-syllable sizes: dactyl, amphibrachium and anapest.
In dactyl, the stress falls on the first syllable. The name of this poetic meter is derived from the Greek word "daktylos" and translates as "finger". The analogy is obvious: dactyl in its structure resembles a finger, which has three phalanges, and the largest of them is equal in length to two short ones.
The name of the second three-syllable size, amphibrachia, is a combination of two Greek words, "amphi" and "brachys", which translate as "double-sided" and "short." And indeed: the middle syllable is stressed, and the first and third are unstressed.
Anapest is also derived from the Greek word, "anapaistos", which means "reflected back." Previously, this size was called "bounce back" because it is the exact opposite of dactyl. There is another variant of the name of anapest - antidactyl. When anapestic poems were performed in Hellas, the readers always danced and kicked the beat on the last syllable.
