A person constantly has to deal with large amounts of information and a huge number of various objects. In this situation, it is very important to find the necessary data in a timely manner or determine what this or that object is. For this, classification is used - the distribution of objects into groups according to certain criteria. In this case, the signs can be both essential and insignificant.
Instructions
Step 1
Classification, which is also called systematization, is used almost everywhere - in science, in economics, in everyday life. Stacking laundry in a closet or arranging books on shelves, you don't even think about classifying items. In the meantime, you put sheets, pillowcases and duvet covers on one shelf, and panties and socks on the other. That is, you divide things into classes, in this case - into bedding and underwear. If there are enough shelves, the owner will even lay out the sheets and pillowcases separately, because in this case it will be easier to find them.
Step 2
The classifications can be very different. Household items or materials posted on the site are quite simple to organize. The user simply makes different sections, and in one he places articles, in the other - photos and videos. Complex multi-stage classifications are used in science. They are understandable if the person looking for the material understands on what basis the data is systematized.
Step 3
Any set of objects has a certain internal structure. Consider wildlife. All living organisms are divided into kingdoms and domains. The most common variant is Haeckel's classification, dividing all living organisms into three kingdoms. These are plants, animals and protists. Later it became customary to divide the animal world into domains, which, in turn, were subdivided into kingdoms. Each kingdom has its own essential characteristics. For example, for animals, this is nutrition with ready-made organic compounds and the ability to move. In turn, each kingdom is divided into subkingdoms, then, in turn, into types and subtypes, etc.
Step 4
Any other classification is carried out in the same way. For example, try organizing the data on your computer. By creating folders "text documents", "images", "video" and "audio", you will get the simplest classification option. Of course, you can define files in a particular folder only on one basis, that is, in this case - according to which category they belong to. But the principle of classification can be anything. For example, you can single out everything that relates to a particular topic in a separate class.
Step 5
The next stage of systematization is the division of already existing groups according to the following criterion. For example, in the folder with audio files, you can create several more folders in which to define recordings of classical music, pop, jazz, etc. Each of the new folders can be divided into directions or create a separate one for each artist. By distributing records by genre, you get a natural classification, since in this case an essential feature is taken as a basis. Almost all scientific classifications are built on this principle - biological, periodic system of chemical elements, etc. The second type, when an insignificant characteristic is taken, is more often used in the humanities. These are, for example, all kinds of alphabetical indexes, when the first letter of the author's surname is more important than the fact that he wrote a novel.
Step 6
The types of systematization differ in the scope of the objects. There are encyclopedic classifications, they are universal. Narrower industry-specific ones are also often used. The need regularly arises to systematize homogeneous phenomena.
