Wind is the horizontal movement of air above the earth's surface, which occurs due to differences in atmospheric pressure and specific local factors. There are many types of this natural phenomenon - they all differ in direction, speed, frequency of repetition and other features.
Planetary wind
A trade wind is a constant wind moving at a speed of 3-4 points and almost always in the same direction. Thanks to it, the air masses of our planet are mixed, often to a global scale. Trade winds blow from tropical areas of high pressure towards the northern or southern hemisphere of reduced pressure, depending on the deflecting force of the Earth's rotation.
Monsoon
This wind is typical for eastern China and the Far East, and to a lesser extent for the eastern coast of North America. It carries a lot of moisture and is intermittent, as it only lasts a few months a year. In summer, it blows from land towards the ocean, and in winter it blows vice versa.
Translated from Arabic, monsoon means "season". The summer monsoon is characterized by thunderstorms, while the winter monsoon is characterized by the presence of cold and dry air.
Local types of wind
Fen is a wind typical of mountainous areas. It blows from mountain peaks to the plain, has a high speed, often reaching 25 m / s, and a warm temperature. Thanks to it, the climate of the valleys is formed - in the spring, because of it, snow melts and the water rises in rivers, and in the summer, the hair dryer has drying properties.
Bora is the wind blowing from the mountains to the shores of the seas or lakes. It occurs when a barrier in the form of low mountains stands in the path of the air flow. As a result, the wind hits large bodies of water with force, and its temperature drops sharply. In Russia, this type of wind is typical for Baikal or, for example, Novorossiysk.
Breeze is a coastal wind that blows from land to water at night, and vice versa during the day. This is due to the fact that during the day, land heats up more than water. In tropical latitudes, the daytime breeze is a fairly strong wind.
Dry wind is a wind characteristic of desert and semi-desert areas, steppe zones. It occurs at high air temperatures and high humidity. Dry wind can blow for several days in a row, has a detrimental effect on vegetation and greatly dries up the soil. Dry wind, for example, often happens in the steppes of Kazakhstan.
Samum is a hot wind typical for the northern part of the African continent and the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula. It occurs due to the high air temperature in the cyclone zone.
When samum blows, there is strong friction between the sand particles, as a result of which it begins to seem as if the dunes are making strange sounds.
A tornado is a strong wind generated by the interaction of cold and warm air masses. In North America, for example, it forms as a result of the collision of warm air currents over the Caribbean Sea and cold arctic masses.
A tropical cyclone is a wind with a low atmospheric pressure in the center, which is characterized by an almost stormy speed. Its occurrence is due to the high temperature of the water. The most famous type of tropical cyclone is the typhoon.
